DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES FOR 305 DAYS OF 1 LACTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION

DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES FOR 305 DAYS OF 1 LACTATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOSCOW REGION

Olga Mukhtarova

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Animal Breeding Genetics named after V.F.Krasota Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin”,

Russia, Moscow

In the Russian Federation, dairy cattle breeding is developing more and more intensively every year. As the world's population grows, the demand for milk and dairy products increases. Manufacturers are faced with the task of providing the domestic market with their own goods of high quality and safety. The use of Holsteinized lines of cows is an actively used practice in cattle breeding. The use of highly productive lines of cows allows you to achieve greater milk yield without reducing the quality of the resulting milk in terms of fat and protein. However, many factors can directly and indirectly affect the productivity of dairy cows, reducing it. It seems necessary to know the factors that affect milk productivity and timely apply measures to prevent a decrease in the milk yield of dairy cows.

The current period of development of cattle breeding in the Moscow region is characterized by the widespread use in reproduction of the best world gene pool of cattle, which is characterized by high productivity.

The criterion for the success of breeding work is to increase the productivity of herds, prolong productive longevity, and obtain genetically healthy offspring. The use of Holstein bulls makes it possible to increase the productivity of black-motley cows by 2-3 times [1, p. 23-25]. In the Moscow region, bulls of the Holstein breed of American and Canadian selection are widely used. When crossing Black-and-White breed cows with Holstein bulls, the average annual genetic trend for milk yield is 103 kg and for milk fat - 3.6 kg, which is 2.8 and 2.6 times higher compared to purebred breeding, respectively [4, p. 79-82].

A saturated market for dairy products and high competition in the dairy cattle breeding industry require effective, and most importantly, fast methods for improving herds. The most obvious method of increasing the genetic potential of animals is to use the gene pool of bulls-leaders of imported breeds and their descendants - this allows you to increase milk yield by 500-1000 kg of milk compared to previous generations within 5-7 years [3, p. 3-8].

Breeding bulls of different selection are used in the farms of the Moscow region; their descendants have different productivity. The task of breeders is to exclude producers with low productivity of their daughters from breeding use. For practicing breeders, the problem of choosing producers for use in specific production conditions is relevant [2, p. 6-8].

The studies were carried out on the number of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle in the conditions of the Moscow region.

When assessing the milk productivity of cows for the first lactation (Table 1), it was found that the highest milk yield for the 1st lactation of 7329 kg was shown by the daughters of the breeding bull Neriton 398411, when they were used in OJSC Vokhrinka. We note the lowest indicators in the daughters of the breeding bull Saturn 1429 - 6878 kg.

A comparative analysis of the use of daughters of different breeding bulls, within the same farm, showed that the best heifers in terms of milk yield in Matveevskoye LLC are the daughters of the breeding bull Lav 7899, their milk yield is 7302 kg, which is 654 kg more than that of the daughters of the breeding bull Zvezdny in the same farm. Among the first heifers of OAO PZ "Petrovskoye" the best are the descendants of Lav 7899 - their milk yield was 6451 kg, and the daughters of the bull Zvezdny have the lowest productivity - 5904 kg, the difference is 547 kg. There were no significant differences in milk yield for the first lactation. Selection aimed at using the genotype of Holstein bulls in farms already at the first lactation shows that the milk productivity of first-calf heifers is at a fairly high level.

Reliably significant differences in the mass fraction of fat, we were able to determine only when comparing two breeding bulls that were used in LLC "Matveevskoye", so the daughters of the breeding bull Zvezdny 1429 have a mass fraction of fat - 4.07%, and the daughters of the breeding bull Lav 7899 - 3 .88%, which is significantly lower (Р≥0.99).

No significant differences were found in the mass fraction of protein, and in terms of the amount of milk fat and the amount of milk protein, absolute leadership should be given to the daughters of the breeding bull Lav 398411, the amount of milk fat is 325 kg, the amount of milk protein is 235 kg.

In general, it should be noted that the use of breeding bulls of the Holstein breed in the conditions of the Moscow region, in different farms, made it possible to obtain animals with a high genetic potential, which, under appropriate conditions, can be realized in milk yield for the first lactation of more than 7000 kg.

Table 1.

Milk productivity of cows of different genotypes for 305 days of 1 lactation

References:

1. Boev, M.M. Milk productivity, reproductive qualities and genotype structure in cows with different duration of economic use / Boev M.M., Kukushka E.V., Boev M.M. // Problems of biology of productive animals. - 2011. - No. 4. - p. 23-25.
2. Ermilov, A.N., Volyntsev A. Breeding assessment of dairy cattle // Animal husbandry of Russia. - 2002. - No. 12. - p.6-8.
3. Ivanov, Yu.A., Dankvert S.A., Dunin I.M., Ermilov A.N., Volintsev A.A. Dairy cattle breeding in Russia - state and trends. // Proceedings of the All-Russian meeting on the coordination of selection and breeding work in the breeds of farm animals. Issue. 2, VNIIPlem 2003. - p.3-8.
4. Izotova, N.V. Features of milk productivity of cows-heifers of different ages of the first fruitful insemination / Izotova N.V. // Problems of increasing the production of products of the scientific-practical conference: scientific works of VIZh GNU VNIIZh. - Dubrovitsy: VNIIZh, 2008. - Issue. 64. - p.79-82.