DRIVER TIREDNESS DETERMINATION METHOD
DRIVER TIREDNESS DETERMINATION METHOD
Vigen Poghosyan
Master student, National Polytechnical University of Armenia,
Republic of Armenia, Yerevan
ABSTRACT
The safety of road transport, for every state, including the Republic of Armenia, is the main component of the security system. The low level of road traffic safety has a significant impact on ensuring the safety of the RA society. According to UN data , every year 1.25 million people die and 50 million are injured due to road traffic accidents worldwide. Studies have been carried out on the etiology of road traffic accidents. They showed that as a result of the increase in traffic intensity and the increase in the number of drivers, there is an increase in traffic jams, which in turn leads to additional driver fatigue and, in some cases, to sleep. There is a need to take some measures to prevent traffic accidents due to fatigue and sleep. When studying such modern systems, it becomes clear that they work by analyzing the actions of the driver and the course of the car. Analyzing all this, the task is to develop a system that can prevent a traffic accident by analyzing the physiological characteristics of a person. Studying them, it was decided to focus on the human pulse, because when a person gets tired and falls asleep, changes occur in the body, which, in turn, lead to a decrease in the number of pulse beats. It is proposed to create a system that, by analyzing the number of heartbeats, will predict human fatigue and possible sleep, take appropriate measures in time to reduce the likelihood of a traffic accident. The presented system does not provide for major changes in the design of the car, it can work in conjunction with the systems that are currently in use. Feeling possible fatigue and sleep due to special signals, the system will notify the driver about this, and after a while, if the driver has not stopped and the data shows fatigue again, the system can signal the currently existing systems and take actions to stop the car.
Keywords: traffic accident, fatigue, sleep, pulse beats, sensor.
Introduction․ From 2011 to 2021, 38568 road accidents were registered in Armenia, as a result of which 3543 people died and 55230 were injured. The statistics for these 10 years are presented graphically below[1].
Figure 1. From 2009 to 2019, statistics of road accidents registered in the RA and injured as a result of them
Currently, the increase in the number of drivers and the sharp increase in traffic volume have contributed to an increase in traffic jams, which in turn leads to driver fatigue while driving, which causes an increase in the number of traffic accidents. Based on this, it is necessary to develop measures that will help reduce the number of road accidents. Therefore, the development of a system that will contribute to the cessation of driving at a certain level of driver fatigue is an urgent task.
Conflict setting․ The main cause of fatigue for most drivers is incomplete sleep. 5-25% of all road traffic accidents are caused by driver fatigue.[2] At the same time, road traffic accidents caused by driver fatigue usually have more serious consequences than road traffic accidents for other reasons. According to Ford experts, drivers who slept less than 4 hours were 11.5 times more likely to be involved in an accident.[3] Many experts compare sleepy driving to drunk driving. Such a comparison is presented below.
Figure 2. Drunk or sleep driving accidents.[4]
In order to reduce the likelihood of all this, a system should be developed that will make the driver feel tired and take the necessary steps to prevent possible traffic accidents. Currently, there is an MKE fatigue recognition system that determines driver fatigue based on driver control of the steering wheel, vehicle speed, road markings, time of day, and other data. However, this system does not take into account the biological characteristics of the human body, which, if properly analyzed, can more accurately and quickly predict fatigue.
Research methods․ In the body during fatigue and after and during sleep, certain changes occur. One of the main changes is the reduction in the number of heartbeats. The number of pulse beats depends on age, gender, body weight, etc. On average, the number of normal human pulse beats ranges from 60-90. But depending on gender and age, it varies. All this is presented in the table below.
Table 1.
Pulse beats according to sex and age [5]
|
Age |
In a calm state |
During physical exertion |
||
|
men |
women |
men |
women |
|
|
20-40 |
60-75 |
65-80 |
190-200 |
230-240 |
|
40-60 |
70-85 |
75-90 |
160-180 |
200-220 |
The number of heartbeats changes when a person begins to sleep. When a person begins to sleep, his pulse can decrease by 1.5 times and reach up to 30 beats per minute.[6] That is, by analyzing a person's pulse, you can understand the degree of fatigue and the likelihood of the driver falling asleep at the wheel. To analyze the pulse, you need to understand how it can be measured. Currently, there are optical sensors for measuring pulse beats, which, using a light signal, can determine the number of pulse beats by the reflection of light. This is shown in the following figure.
Figure 3. Scheme of the heart rate sensor[7]
These sensors are small in size, suitable for installation in different places, and they do not necessarily need to measure the pulse from the hand, they can also be used to measure the pulse from the driver's fingers.
Research results․ Thus, seeing the change in the number of human heart beats and the best means for measuring them, you can start developing a new assistant for cars that will warn of danger and help tired and already sleeping drivers to stop. The main component of such an assistant is a heart rate sensor , which must be installed in the steering wheel with appropriate design solutions. Each driver holds the steering wheel differently, some do it wrong. Such options for holding the steering wheel are presented below.
Figure 4. Handlebar grips[8]
To do this, the sensors need to be placed in the optimal parts of the steering wheel where drivers hold the most. Light and sound signals will become an integral part of the system. Thus, during the ride, the sensors will measure the pulse beats and they will transmit them to the gateway via the CAN system, where they will be analyzed. When the system detects a gradually decreasing number of heartbeats, it will warn the driver about the possibility of falling asleep by displaying the corresponding light signal on the screen and emitting an audible signal. If the system notices that the measurements are gradually deviating from the norm and the car does not stop, then it takes appropriate measures to stop the car. This system can be integrated into the MKE system, whose data can be analyzed in parallel for more accurate analysis.
Conclusion․ Thus, by developing and analyzing a person's pulse, one can understand the degree of fatigue and the likelihood of sleep. With the introduction of this system, based on the physiological characteristics of a person, it will be possible to determine the degree of his fatigue and good health for driving and in case of failure to take appropriate measures to stop the car, which in turn will lead to a reduction in the number of accidents.
References:
- RA Police Site, https://www.police.am/
- Musaelyan G.V. Car automation և auxiliary control systems (2014) // Yerevan, NPUA, 184.
- Shock study: every third driver fell asleep at the wheel at least once, https://www.zr.ru/content/news/907509-kazhdyj-tretij-voditel-v-rossi/
- Album Typical traffic situations that preceded accidents. Album-guide for drivers and practitioners of road transport associated with the organization and provision of road safety, http://www.gosthelp.ru/text/AlbomTipichnyedorozhnotra.html
- What can a person's pulse tell you? Why is it different for men and women, https://sever-press.ru/2019/12/14/o-chem-mozhet-soobshhit-puls-cheloveka-pochemu-on-raznyj-u-muzhchin-i-zhenshhin/
- Pulse in a dream is the norm in adults and children, https://dream-stall.ru/zdorove/k-chemu-snitsya-serdcebienie.html
- How does a heart rate monitor work in a sports watch?, https://nogibogi.com/kak-rabotaet-pulsometr-chasax/
- How do you hold the steering wheel?, https://autokadabra.ru/shouts/50916