ORGANISATION OF THE STUDENTS’ EDUCATIONAL PROCESS (IN THE MOSCOW SCHOOL)

ORGANISATION OF THE STUDENTS’ EDUCATIONAL PROCESS (IN THE MOSCOW SCHOOL)

Alina Chekalkina

student, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia,

Russia, Moscow

Anna Tadjieva

candidate of science, associate professor, Peoples’ Friendship of Russia,

Russia, Moscow

In the modern world, the issue of state importance is the upbringing of a healthy generation, and "negative trends manifested in a decrease in the proportion of healthy children and an increase in chronic morbidity" should be studied [Setko I. M., Setko N. P.]. At the same time, the question arises about the influence of school as an environment in which children and adolescents spend a large amount of time. “In modern conditions, the intra-school environment is considered as a dynamic multicomponent system, including a number of physical, chemical, psychosocial and other factors, under the influence of which students are exposed for 11 years of their life and most of the day (more than 70% of the time)"[Setko I. M., Setko N. P.].

“The factor of the environment defines a 12.5% incidence in primary school and by the end of school, its value increases almost 2 times” [setko N. P.]. A significant proportion of the risks arising from the conditions of training, the lack of modern sanitary regulations [Kuchma V. R.].

The aim of the study required educational activity in school with regulatory requirements.

Materials and methods of research: The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire among students of a secondary school in Moscow. The questionnaire included 15 multiple-choice questions. The sample consisted of 49 people, which included students of primary school (3rd grade) – 33%, secondary school (7th grade) - 37%. high school (11th grade) – 30 % of people. Statistical processing was carried out in the Microsoft Excel program.

Results and their discussion: Almost all respondents 98% of classes start at 8: 30. There was no" zero lesson " among the students.

Frolov V. K., Ignatenkov K. A. note that the "biorhythmic optimum" of mental performance in school-age children falls ”at the interval of 8-12 am, so it is not recommended to schedule classes earlier than 8 am".

Organization of the educational process in accordance with hygienic requirements (SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10, item 10.6) includes: a) the number of lessons - 33% of students in the 3rd grade note an average of 5 lessons, 41% of students in grades 7-7 lessons and 22% of students in grades 11-more than 8 lessons a day; b) the break between lessons and optional classes should be at least 45 minutes, confirms 15% of respondents, and 79% indicate that the break is 15 minutes - 11 people, 20 minutes-18 people, 30 minutes-10 people, respectively. The remaining 6 % noted that there is no extracurricular activity in their schedule.

When determining the working capacity of students, 33 people (69 %) feel the greatest working capacity in the period of 8-12 hours of the day, 15 people (31%) note the time of 13-16 hours of the day as the time of their greatest functionality, which confirms the statement about the purely individual biological rhythms of schoolchildren.

A number of authors note that non-compliance with the regime of the general educational process often leads to "an increase in the academic load, an intensification of the educational process, a decrease in physical activity and a deterioration in the structure of the students 'daily routine" [Lyapina L. V.].

In the school schedule, the main subjects of students fall on 2-4 lessons (86%), this meets hygienic requirements. However, half of the respondents note that they write two tests a day-45%, three tests-4%.

According to Zaitseva N. V. and Ustinova O. Yu. “There are structured lessons in the curriculum that lead to a rapid decrease in working capacity and the development of fatigue. There is a clear trend of a high academic load at the beginning of the week, the maximum of which falls on Friday and Saturday. At the same time, the duration of breaks between lessons does not meet hygienic requirements, which contributes to a rapid decrease in working capacity and the development of fatigue.” When analyzing the distribution of the academic load during the week, students noted that the most subjects were delivered on Monday-31%, Wednesday-18%, Thursday and Tuesday 4% each, Friday-2%, and there are several such days-41%. At the same time, half of the respondents believe that they do not have a light day.

Regarding the duration of the changes, all respondents note the presence of 10-minute and 20-minute changes. Mostly, schoolchildren have enough time to eat (59 %), or even quite enough (8%), but a third of students note that they have to "hurry".

In the final question, the students were asked to indicate the length of their lesson, and 100% of the respondents chose the answer of 45 minutes.

To reduce the tension and fatigue of schoolchildren, it is necessary to reduce the number of lessons for a group of schoolchildren in grades 7-11, as well as increase the time between lessons and optional classes. Use elements of a healthy lifestyle, in the form of active games, conducting changes in the open air, proper nutrition.

Conclusions. The analysis of the organization of the educational process in secondary school showed that the classes themselves, the load of subjects in the school schedule and the study of basic subjects meet hygienic requirements, which undoubtedly contributes to the preservation of the health of schoolchildren.

However, due to the fact that changes have been made to the educational program, the number of lessons for students of the 1st and 2nd stages on average exceeds the permissible ones, so 3 classes have 5 lessons, 7 classes have 7 lessons and 11 classes have 8 lessons each.

The recommendation on the organization of a break between the main lessons and optional classes was violated for 79% of respondents, it is from 15 to 30 minutes.

Regarding the distribution of the academic load during the week, the respondents ' opinions differ (Monday-31%, Wednesday-18%, Thursday and Tuesday-4%, Friday-2%, or there are several such days-41%).

References:

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6. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 29.12.2010 N 189 (ed. of 22.05.2019) "On approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general education institutions "(together with " SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general education organizations. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations") (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 03.03.2011 N 19993) [Electronic resource] / / URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_111395/
7. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 29.12.2010 N 189 (ed. of 22.05.2019) "On approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general education institutions "(together with " SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in general education organizations. Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations") (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 03.03.2011 N 19993) [Electronic resource] / / URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_111395/
8. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 81 dated November 24, 2015 "On Amendments No. 3 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training, maintenance in general education organizations " [Electronic resource] / / URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/71188438/