GENDER MECHANISMS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP METHODS

GENDER MECHANISMS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP METHODS

Kholoud Alghada

Postgraduate, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics,

Russia, Moscow

ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ И МЕТОДЫ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА

Алгада Холуд

аспирант, ФГБОУ ВО «Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова»,

РФ, г. Москва

ABSTRACT

The article discusses the trends in the development of women's entrepreneurship in modern Russia and the problems of the development of women's entrepreneurship, since this aspect is relevant for modern Russian society, respectively, special attention is paid to women's business as an important tool for realizing the labor opportunities of women in the Russian Federation. The directions of stimulation of women's entrepreneurial activity are noted.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье рассмотрены тенденции развития женского предпринимательства в современной России и проблемы развития женского предпринимательства, так как, данный аспект является актуальным для современного российского общества, соответственно, особое внимание уделяется женскому бизнесу как важному инструменту реализации трудовых возможностей женщин в Российской Федерации Обозначены проблемы осуществления женщинами-предпринимателями продуктивной экономической деятельности. Отмечены направления стимулирования женской предпринимательской активности.

Keywords: women's entrepreneurship; development trends; development issues; entrepreneurial activity.

Ключевые слова: женское предпринимательство; тенденции развития; проблемы развития; предпринимательская активности.

Managerial and entrepreneurial activity implies a complex process of organizing the activities of other people, Considerable importance is given to the role of the manager in management, as well as the effectiveness of his leadership. A theoretical analysis of gender issues conducted by Golubtsova N. A [1]. showed that, despite the fact that women increasingly occupy leadership positions, their role in management and management still remains low compared to the predominant men in this field.

And as A.I. Voronina notes, women strive to eliminate their gender gap with men, try to achieve success, high social status and prove the presence of no less personal opportunities for success in business or any other productive work [2].

However, the problem of gender in entrepreneurship, as noted by Yudina A.A.[3], is especially relevant at a time when there is a tendency that women occupy high positions not because of special knowledge and skills (although they are not denied at all), but because the ratio of men and women to the country is in favor of the latter.

Recent studies, for example, Makhmutov E.N. [4] show that the majority of women entrepreneurs in Russia prefer a structuring type of leadership. The strictness of the leadership style, notes Makhmutov E.N., is either at a high or at an average level. In the benevolent type, it is usually of moderate severity, with a structured type having a bright or high degree of severity.

Other authors, such as E.S. Tarkhanova [5] , found that men are riskier in managerial and entrepreneurial activities than women. However, both women and men delegate responsibilities in the workplace, they also found that gender stereotypes persist in society, especially for women in leadership positions.

In addition, as M. E. Baskakova notes [6], today the employment of women by entrepreneurship in its scale and quality is inferior to the employment of men. Moreover, the proportion of women among non-employees is falling, the level of education of women in business and their entrepreneurial status remain low. This situation is not due to direct discrimination against women, but is a consequence of the spread of the traditional division of labor (expressed in the segregation of business by type of economic activity, in women's preference for hired employment, in women's low assessment of their entrepreneurial opportunities).

Despite the fact that women's entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon for our country, requiring and waiting for its researcher. The initial grounds for the development of male and female entrepreneurship, as Yu.A. Semenova notes in her article [7], are in the most general form unified. This is economic freedom, a competitive environment, the availability of a legal framework adequate to the development of the country that regulates entrepreneurial activity.

Also, entrepreneurs of the XXI century plunged into the process of transformation of the economy on the basis of network communications. There are new forms of organization, management, modeling in all spheres of activity. The technological changes inherent in the digital economy create new market rules of the game for women entrepreneurs. Using the digital model, "business women" are participants in the development and spread of digitalization in Russia, acquire the skill of working with digital technologies and have more opportunities in the field of employment.

Therefore, as Korobova O. O. notes. [8], it is necessary to outline the direction of measures of state support for women's entrepreneurship in the field of high technologies: to intensify the promotion of STEM programs for the involvement of women in engineering and technological professions; the organization of training, retraining and advanced training of women in the field of high-tech technologies at the regional level; the creation of legal conditions for insurance digital business risks; assistance from the authorities in the organization of digital start-ups for women; organization and holding on a competitive basis of presentations of "Digital Projects" of women entrepreneurs; organization of joint projects of subjects of digital women's entrepreneurship with authorities and development institutions to involve women in knowledge-intensive industries.

The field of women's entrepreneurship has come a long way since its inception in the late 1970s. We found that the first studies of entrepreneurship primarily assumed that men and women entrepreneurs are the same phenomenon of socio-economic life and do not require separate study.  Therefore, it is necessary to include various points of view and consider design approaches to the study of both traditional and non-traditional issues of the emergence, existence and further development of women's entrepreneurship. In particular, it is necessary to take into account the feminist theories of the development of society as a whole when forming the scientific methodology of women's entrepreneurship, that is, to expand the existing entrepreneurial theorie/

References:

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