AUTOMATED DISPATCH AND PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
AUTOMATED DISPATCH AND PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS
Anastasia Eliseeva
Research Supervisor, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Physics, Electrical Engineering and Electric Power Engineering, Institute of Service, Tourism and Design (branch) of NCFU,
Russia, Pyatigorsk
Nikolay Shikunov
Master's student, Institute of Service, Tourism and Design (branch) of NCFU,
Russia, Pyatigorsk
Technological progress does not stand still. And now it has reached the level where there is an absolute need to automate human activities for managing production processes, the need to transfer the functions of a human dispatcher, an operator to a machine. At the moment, in order to increase the efficiency of labor, there is an active introduction of automated systems. In the modern world, digitalization has become of great importance in all spheres of life. Our article raises the problem of security in large enterprises for emergency situations. The problems considered in this article and the proposed solutions will help not only to automate almost completely, but also to significantly improve the reliability of the Russian power system, and in the future, with the development of the system, and the whole world.
Having assessed the current state of energy and technological industries in the field of their digitalization, we realized that companies are already very developed in this area, and it is quite difficult to offer something fundamentally new. We noticed that digitalization is directly related to the fact that sensors are installed on equipment of various levels, which constantly monitor data collection and transmit this data to the central control room.
It is almost impossible to effectively analyze complex technological objects, such as the energy system, especially on a global scale. To solve this problem, nine countries joined and jointly created a system called the SMPR.
Transition Mode Monitoring System (TMS))
– a system that provides time-synchronized measurements of parameters that characterize the operation mode of the power system at its various points with high discreteness [1].
This amount of data allows you to:
– Observe transients in the power system;
– Evaluate the current operating modes of the entire nergosystem;
– Effectively analyze the causes and consequences of technological failures and system accidents;
– Check and refine the dynamic model of the power system;
– More precisely configure the automatic protection.
The SMPR includes all the necessary components for building a fully functional system: devices for synchronized vector measurements, time synchronization devices, and devices for registering parameters of the generator excitation system.
Since this system has its own unique features, the UES of Russia has introduced special requirements for equipping electric power facilities with autonomous synchronized vector measurement Devices (USVI) and the SMPR software and hardware complex (SMPR PTC) [2]. In accordance with these requirements, the PTC SMPR must be installed on objects and sites.
1. Power plants with a capacity of 500 MW or more, as well as at power plants and substations with RU of the highest voltage class of 330 kV or higher, while the USVI must be installed on the connections.
2. At the electric power industry facilities that have the highest voltage class of 220 kV, at the same time, the USVI must be installed at the connections •
– Power lines that are included in the controlled sections of the UES of Russia with a voltage of 220 kV;
– 220 kV interstate transmission lines.
However, if it is necessary to install the SMPR on other electric power facilities, then the project documentation should be provided in order to ensure the reliability of the operation of the UES of Russia. Also, if it is required to install USVI on no more than two connections to the electric power industry sections, then it is allowed to install autonomous USVI. [3]
As of 2019, SMPR devices and complexes are installed in the UES of Russia:
In the dispatch centers of JSC " SO UES»:
– regional VSWR-in three RDUS and seven ODUS;
– the main VSWR is in the Central Control Room.
At 62 power plants of the UES of Russia, PTC SMPR is installed, including: 592 USVI and 42 KSVD.
At 42 substations, the PTC SMPR is installed, including 148 USVI and 29 KSVD
In total, the UES of Russia has installed 66 VSWR and 715 VSWR at 101 power facilities. At the same time, the number of SVI installed in the UES of Russia is growing annually, and the functionality of both the SVI devices themselves and the SMPR itself based on them is expanding.
This system will increase the level of information support for dispatching control, and this will increase the quality of management of power system modes and overall efficiency.
Unfortunately, this system at this stage of its development can only notify about problems at stations. In this regard, we offer a solution that allows us to improve the SMPR.
One of the stages of development of the Software and Hardware complex may be the introduction of a remote communication device into the monitoring system, with which you can quickly make decisions and directly influence the work of personnel in the event of an emergency. The device has an encrypted communication channel and a satellite coverage area. It is possible to upgrade the PTC to optimize power generation in compliance with strict safety conditions.
Other possible options for the development of the system may be the development of large database technologies. This stage will affect the optimization of the operation of power plants and will be able to reduce the loss of electricity when passing through power lines by finding and setting the optimal and critical interval for generating and moving electricity.
Also in our time, the number of cyber attacks is increasing, in all spheres of life. Therefore, the financial costs of cybersecurity will continue to grow. We propose to modernize the software and hardware complex of the transition mode monitoring system, namely, to develop and introduce a Russian or Slavic programming language. This measure will reduce the number of native speakers and access to editing program code.
In this regard, promising areas of application of the SVI will be:
1. Development of the existing system of monitoring of transition modes( SMPR), integration of SMPR with automated process control systems and ASDUs;
2. The use of IEU with SVI support in the automated process control system and ASDU;
3. Mass application of USVI in RZA devices, in local and distributed PA and RA systems. The development of the SMPR will be primarily associated with the identification of dangerous modes of operation of the power system in real time. Another promising area of USVI application is automated process control systems. USVI should be considered as a logical development of multifunctional measuring transmitters of telemechanics. The main advantages of the SVI are associated with the ability to calculate the parameters of the power system mode by the main harmonic at any control level, including such indicators as currents, voltages, active, reactive and total power, mode parameters by symmetric components, etc.
Based on 6 synchronized current and voltage vectors, about a hundred fundamental harmonic parameters can be calculated for each connection. Based on the measurements of synchronized current and voltage vectors obtained from various network connections, the parameters of the power system itself can be calculated.
As a result, we will get a monitoring system that, by processing and collecting data, will later be able to build a model that evaluates the current state of the system and makes future forecasts. Thanks to this, we will be able to predict possible changes with a certain probability, at the moment of superimposing the two graphs. And this will help us not just to reduce the number of accidents, but to prevent them.
We know that making decisions about adjusting the regime in one way or another, and especially making decisions in an emergency situation, is quite a serious responsibility and not all specialists have the right to make such decisions, in particular among production personnel, this is from the level of the shift manager and above. And it does not always turn out that this person is present and can react quickly (make a decision quickly). People, in particular those who work off-shift, can be in the city, out of town, away, on a business trip, and you need to make a decision immediately.
In any industrial enterprise, there is a control room or CPU, where all the information about modes and flows is collected in real time, and where various parameters can be adjusted. We offer a system that duplicates the functions of the control room, which will provide the manager with the right to make decisions, access not only to information, but also to management-in remote access mode. The best option is a tablet. At the moment, Russian manufacturers produce a fairly large number of different tablets, which, among other things, work on the order of the Ministry of Defense, i.e. there are protected tablets, secure and reliable communication channels [4].
They, in turn, can be used as a duplicate control room. Accordingly, the conditional head of the installation receives such a tablet, passes the two-factor identification system, that is, it is a fingerprint and a chipped pass. In this case, he gets the same access to dispatch information as his colleagues directly on the spot.
References:
- Grigor'ev A.V. Ostalas' li Edina i stala li nadezhnej Edinaja jelektrojenergeticheskaja sistema Rossii // JeLEKTRO. Jelektrotehnika, jelektrojenergetika, jelektrotehnicheskaja promyshlennost'. 2010. № 4. S.2-7.
- Maksvell D.K., Vyshnegradskij I.A., Stodola A. Teorija avtomaticheskogo regulirovanija. M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1949.
- Keldysh M.V. Izbrannye trudy. T.2. Mehanika. M.: Nauka, 1985.
- http://protabletpc.ru/ratings/luchshie-planshetyirossiyskogo- proizvodstva.html
- http://ufacitynews.ru/news/2019/02/18