THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE CORRELATION OF CHARACTER AND STATE IN A LITERARY WORK

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE CORRELATION OF NATURE AND SITUATION IN A LITERARY WORK

Zhanbota Sekey

Candidate of Philology, Alikhan Bokeikhan University,

Kazakhstan, Semey

Moldir Amangazykyzy

PhD, The Eurasian humanities institute,

 Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan

The relation of frequent changes of social structures to the art of writing is displayed in a situation and an image of a human. The typological interpretation of the historical causes and consequences of various events occurring in society and the degree of their reflection in fiction is of imposing importance for literary studies. Scientifically investigating different situations that influence the lives of individuals objectively and subjectively, identify their social and ethical value, their aesthetic significance. 

It can be seen that the writer once tried to put a character in a determined situation, once put forward its cumulative (typical) features and placed a leading emphasis on its characteristics of thinking, sensitivity, intuition, and rationality in fiction. An opinion that “character is an internal being of a person, a social trait formed by a certain social situation, a set of all psychological characteristics” [1, p. 67] is due to the need to pay attention to the relationship of character with society and the environment. The dominant opinion that “a character is not expressive means, but this expressiveness is one of the aspects of word picture; as compared to the real-life and a specific person, a literary character always can convey qualitative changes of an individual truly figuratively” [2, p. 75] especially countenances the position of the author of the work.

It is known that the concept of “typical character in a typical situation” was once formed in literary studies. The character of the hero was evaluated as his inner spiritual world, the unity of his inherent traits, the leading type of human behavior in various situations. Generally, “situation” belongs to a literary category whose artistic and aesthetic peculiarity is complex. It reflects the manifestations characteristic of this social and public period, as it is formed in a work of art according to the goals and desires of the author, a society, time, and environment. The concept of the situation includes such notions as a social situation, a psychological situation, and a state of living conditions, a historical situation, a philosophical ​​situation. Deficiencies of the opinion that “the situation is a historical environment, which absorbed all the political, economic and ecological features of an environment, which exists together with human feelings, thoughts and actions” [3, p. 32] are clearly visible.

The issue of harmonic representation of the relationship between nature and situation is not only on the agenda today. M. Auezov emphasized the need to know vital materials, the environment, and the situation a long time ago: “It is necessary not only to love the material that you have chosen but also to fantasize all the details from the inside out, to all the subtleties. Only sincere, deep, reliable images correspond to that state of mind, which feels loved by the chosen environment and corresponding connected conditions” [4, p. 96]. The view that “the situation forms the nature of a person” [5, p. 68] is consistent with the opinion that “it is the situation that denotes development process and growth direction of character” [6, p. 89]. Furthermore, “a definite historical moment, which determines the character and its logic of development, also defines the situation that relates to the disclosure of that character”. Consequently, the idea that “the relation of the character and the situation is the result of the recognition, assimilation of truth in a work of art” [7, p. 56] is valuable.

A situation having direct relation to an idea, which compels a person to act, makes a demand to the character in its own way, by that it helps to reveal the hidden nature of the character that has not been revealed yet. In showing the hero’s nature of work extensively, the function of the situation, as well as the notions such as an author’s idea, a theme, a plot, a moment (situation), collision, peripeteia is special.

It is known that a piece of art always shows enthusiasm for the study of social relations, which are complicated and change progressively as time moves forward, and various objective and subjective states, impact of which is huge in a person’s life, in terms of artistry. In earlier times, writers paid particular attention to the interrelations between a person and general “epic” situations, but later a various interrelation of an individual and a well-known social and public process began to come out on top. A secret of a constant striving to make a conclusion in regard to the outlook of the national character of a changing environment and a transitional situation lies deep. Joints of searches of realism, romanticism, and modernism are observed here.

It is also known that the stream of time, changing of epoch, ideology phenomenon proposed an extraneous artistic goal, another intellectually demanding task. Furthermore, it must be taken into account that sides of the new nature and unexpected situations influenced an author in its own way. Conditionally speaking, traditional “truth lessons” differ in providing deep strata of existence; special emphasis on such situations was laid there. It is important to cite that responsibly analyzing the past and present was carried out in connection with “thinking about future”.

Such different definitions as a character, person, subject, individual, character sketch, hero, image, word picture, nature, and literary type are literary notions associated with a human mind, individual being, and human features in a literary text. Each of them differs in its artistic functions, meanings, and aesthetic significance. Scholars are viewing the above-cited concepts in conjunction with basics such as the art world, literary text, plot, structure, and genre. In our opinion, it is the “character sketch” that is used as a universal meaning among these terms. It would be better to think about calling this notion, which is being called “nature” in the Kazakh language. Character sketch should be regarded as a definite type of nature and action because it would be better to know man’s traits, image and action together in a proper moment and general situation for learning the man. Thus, it is appropriate to use the notion of “nature”.

In some literary works, attempts were made to achieve their goal in any situation, overcoming the obstacles that the hero faces. The main point that attracts attention is the fact that the character himself is actively engaged in the creation and formation of a new opportunity and case. This type of relationship between situations and the natures of characters in fiction is called “formative” in theoretical works. There is also conditionality in this name, but the potential of circumstances that shape and change character is found in ZH.Aimautov’s novel “Kartkozha”.

There is nobody who argues with the importance of the aphorism “what is to be, will be” about various difficulties and great barriers in human life. Some people try to ignore, eliminate, resist and reduce its influence. In these cases, different actions can be taken. Authors often involve their characters in such barriers in their literary works. Image-personage who has known that it would not be easy to overcome difficulties which were created by social situations and living conditions. Then, the character begins to analyze an established situation from the point of moral concepts; that is, the writer has the opportunity to reveal the spiritual and cultural reality of the character through the “guide” type of connection between the situation and the nature of the personage. Furthermore, there are many methods to determine humanistic views and thoughts about the meaning of life in the word picture. It is due to that author trying to remember that frequently based upon the older generation’s experience and ancestry’s tradition characterize the issue differently. At the same time, moral values, valuable concepts of morality, and the heritage of ancestors become the main principles of knowledge and assessment of the situation for the character. It is a person who is internally ready for deep reflections about his surroundings, epoch, and then becomes active. Finally, he tries to change the essence and life. Thus, the link between the situation and the nature of the character in the product actually plays the role of a moral catalyst that is helping to find the natural impulse and strength that enhances its action. As a result, the artistic image manifests itself in two opposite qualities: creative or destructive, the owner of conscience, or God’s servant who lost his conscience. This type of connection is noted in the works M.Auezov “Kasennyn kybylystary”, B.Mailyn ”Arystanbaidyn Mykyshynda”, O.Bokeev “Kar kyzy”, ”Saitan kopyr”, D.Isabekov ”Gauhartas”.

Desire to learn the essence of man has led to forming a new image of characters. There were many relapses which described the contrasting between the eternal spiritual values and negative aspects of consciousness in people’s lives at that time.

Based on the “determinant” type of relationship between situation and nature, special attention is paid to the inner integrity of the character, at the same time, in the conclusion of life experience, morality is placed in the first place, and spiritual harmony between generations is given special importance. All the circumstances are aimed to test, analyze, and evaluate the spiritual life of man; that is, situation and nature are the full specifications of each other.

In conclusion, determining, guiding, forming the connection between nature and situation segregate the desire to expand the horizons, deepening the worldview of artistic faces.

References:

1. Kabdolov Z. The art of the word. – Almaty: Kazakh university, 1992. – p. 351.
2. Bocharov S.G. Characters and circumstances // The theory of literature, the main problems in historical interpretation. Image, method, character. – M: Science, 1962. – p. 362.
3. Iezutov A.N. The problem of character in aesthetics and literature. – M. -L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1962. – p. 318.
4. Auezov M.O.  Collection of works in XX volumes. – Almaty: Writer, 1985. – 18 v. – p. 449.
5. Gabdulin N. The Secret of Time. – Almaty: Writer, 1978. – p. 224.
6. Berdibaev R. Some problems of the history of the Kazakh literature // Literature and Art.  – 1956.  – №12.
7. Dragomiretskaya N. Nature in fiction. The problem of nature in contemporary Soviet literature. – M.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1958. – p. 353.