PROBLEMS OF BIM DESIGN AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

PROBLEMS OF BIM DESIGN AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

Anna Samsonidze

Bachelor, Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy),

Russia, Moscow

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in architectural design. It presents a range of possible ways that architects can use AI to optimize and improve the design process and describes in detail examples of AI being used in building design and modeling, as well as its prospects for project management and simplifying the work of specialists, such as BIM (Building Information Modeling) managers. The author discusses various scenarios in which the use of AI can help create more accurate building models, as well as simplify routine tasks for specialists. Additionally, the article discusses the benefits of using AI in architectural design, including more precise design results, the ability to focus on creative aspects, and increased overall design process efficiency.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, AI, architectural design, modeling, project management, Building Information Modeling, BIM, optimization, process improvement, automation, accuracy, efficiency.

With each passing year, BIM design becomes increasingly popular, replacing the 2D drafting. BIM is an object-oriented model of a building or a complex of buildings, typically in 3D, with elements that are associated with geometric, physical and functional characteristics of the building.

BIM design allows to improve the efficiency and reduces errors in the design and construction process. The BIM system allows for the creation of complete 3D models that include information on materials, structures, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, electrical networks, etc. Based on this technology, specialists can design a building more accurately, taking into account all possible factors and risks and reduces the time spent on solving problems that may arise during construction. However, creating a quality model in BIM requires additional work compared to 2D drafting.

Currently, there are problems with the lack of uniformity in the programs used by different specialists and the uniformity of projects themselves. Often, software cannot cover the specific tasks of individual specialists. This is where a BIM manager comes in. Their tasks include work plans development, project management, collision checking, developing families, shared data environments, developing and implementing design standards, technical support for specialists such as engineers and architects. In essence, this profession is on the periphery of various fields of knowledge with an IT and mathematical modeling bias and is necessary for full-quality design.

Unfortunately, not many companies are willing to finance such a specialist, as well as the development of plugins for computer programs, especially for small companies that make up the majority in the market. In this case, a heavy burden falls on the shoulders of specialists, mainly architects, who unite the work of all specialists, issue comments on sections, coordinate adjacent specialists and track the intersections of engineering systems and structural elements. As a result, architects are separated from their own kind of activities, partly engaged in the work of a BIM manager, which leads to a blurring of specialists' job responsibilities, which may affect the quality of the product.

There are several solutions to these problems: implementation of BIM modeling programs in universities for specialists such as architects and engineers, preparation of a greater number of BIM managers as a separate specialty to provide widespread quality training of personnel according to a single standard, implementation of quality standards and working in unified programs for specialists.

Another way to solve these problems could be the improvement of existing software through the integration of AI or the creation of new software based on it. AI is the science and technology of creating intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. At this stage of development, it is a system that works based on data that is already available and loaded into its database. The potential of artificial intelligence in design is extremely high, as it is able to quickly analyze various types of information and solve complex tasks.

There are several methods of using AI to improve the design process:

1. Idea generation

One example of using AI in architectural design is idea generation: architects can create ideas faster and more efficiently than manually. For instance, with the machine learning algorithms, sets of parameters can be created to determine the best forms and structures for a particular type of building. These aspects can then be used to generate a multitude of ideas that architects can consider and improve upon.

2. Data analysis

AI can also be used for analyzing large amounts of data related to design. For example, data from past projects can be used to determine the most effective and successful solutions in building construction, which can help architects make more informed decisions in the design process. Additionally, with AI, it is possible to reduce the time spent searching for the ideal solution. Recent research shows that next-generation AI can detect errors in software code in just a few seconds, whereas a programming specialist would take hours to find the same errors. Therefore, AI can contribute to the efficient and rapid analysis of architectural solutions and offer its own suggestions. It is also possible to create computer programs based on AI with a loaded normative and legislative base, which could improve the stage of model checking for compliance with standards. Currently, a team of state examination specialists is responsible for checking projects for compliance with standards, which, however, does not guarantee the absence of errors due to the human factor.

3. Modeling

Another way of using aI in architectural design is modeling. It allows architects to create more accurate and detailed building models, which can aid in design and construction. Currently, programs such as Revit are unable to perceive the tasks facing designers. The integration of AI as an assistant in design, capable of generating or correcting models at the request of a designer, can improve and simplify modeling for specialists.

4. Project management

AI has the potential to become an indispensable assistant to BIM managers. Due to its ability to quickly and efficiently analyze as well as solve complex problems, the process of creating program settings, writing plugins, creating templates, model bases and ready-made modules can be significantly simplified.

Thus, AI can improve and simplify the work of many specialists by reducing the time spent on routine tasks, allowing specialists to focus on creative aspects such as conceptual design and creating unique designs; more accurately predict design outcomes and create improved models.

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