Исследование торговой войны между США и Китаем при администрации Трампа
A STUDY OF THE CHINA-US TRADE WAR UNDER THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION
Pang Qingsong
Master's degree students, Belarus State Economic University,
Republic of Belarus, Minsk
Sun Yanan
Master's degree students, Belarus State Economic University,
Republic of Belarus, Minsk
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТОРГОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ МЕЖДУ США И КИТАЕМ ПРИ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ ТРАМПА
Пан Цинсун
магистрант, Белорусский государственный экономический университет,
Беларусь, г. Минск
Сунь Янань
магистрант, Белорусский государственный экономический университет,
Беларусь, г. Минск
АННОТАЦИЯ
В современной глобализированной экономике все страны мира тесно взаимосвязаны. Стабильность торговых отношений между Китаем и США также приобретает все большее значение для мировой экономики. С момента вступления в должность администрация Трампа ввела масштабные тарифы на широкий спектр китайской продукции, причем тарифы коснулись не только товаров общего назначения, но и новой энергии, полупроводников и другой высокотехнологичной продукции, что свидетельствует о том, что США начали торговую войну против Китая с намерением сдержать развитие китайских высоких технологий. Торговая война США против Китая не только очень опрометчива, но и является вызовом международному порядку.
ABSTRACT
In today's globalized economy, all countries in the world are closely linked together. The stability of trade relations between China and the United States is also becoming more and more important to the world economy. The Trump administration has imposed massive tariffs on a wide range of Chinese products after taking office, and the tariff increase not only involves general products but also new energy, semiconductors and other high-tech products, so it can be seen that the United States has launched a trade war against China with the intention of curbing the development of Chinese high technology. The trade war launched by the United States against China is not only very rash but also a challenge to the international order.
Ключевые слова: экономика, торговая война, отношения Китая и США
Keywords: economy, trade war, China-US relations
Under the tide of economic globalization and a closer division of labour and cooperation among the countries of the world. The issue of trade relations between the United States, as a superpower, and China the world's second largest economy, is no longer just an issue between two countries. The world economy experienced a relatively rapid development after the Second World War, but under the blow of the global economic crisis in 2008, the world economy suffered a very big blow and the subsequent economic development was slow. Then in the context of the need for economic recovery, the United States China such as the first and second largest economies undoubtedly in the world economy accounted for a very large proportion. So the stability and healthy development of China-US trade is crucial to the global economic recovery and stability.
The overall trend in China-United States trade relations after the end of the Second World War was relatively good, with cooperation predominating despite some differences. After the Second World War China was still an agricultural country with extremely underdeveloped foreign trade, and its exports were basically related to agricultural products. In the subsequent development process, China creatively proposed reform and opening up in 1978 at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. This made China's economy take off and the growth rate is amazing, China ushered in rapid development, and foreign exports have slowly changed from a single agricultural product to manufacturing products, so now China is also known as the world factory. In this context, China-US trade cooperation has become closer and closer.
But after Trump took office, the Trump administration reintroduced trade protection policies to launch the 301 investigation into China. In March 2018 the US announced tariffs on about $60 billion of imports from China[1], followed by a 25% tariff on over $30 billion of Chinese exports to the US in July 2018. In the face of the levies China hit back by imposing tariffs on imports from the US. On September 24, 2018 the US continued to impose tariffs on China[2]. This made the situation extremely worse, followed by several high-level communications and negotiations between the US and China. But in May 2019 Trump suddenly published a tweet announcing that on May 10 he would raise tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese exports to the US to 25% and threatened to impose 25% tariffs on the remaining $300 billion of products, and on May 17 Huawei was added to the list of so-called entities [3]. The U.S. tariff increase on China does not only involve general goods, but already involves new energy, semiconductors and other high-tech products, which is obviously the U.S.'s intention in targeting "Made in China 2025" to curb the development of high-tech in China. The development of the trade war between China and the United States is no longer just a matter of trade friction, but a strong "political smell". This complicates the problem and makes a quick solution almost impossible, and the trade war becomes a long-term problem.
With China's rapid economic development, it is reasonable for China to develop its own high technology and improve its level of innovation, but it is rash for the United States to start a trade war because it believes that China's development is aimed at competing with the United States for hegemony and that China's development is a threat to the United States. The U.S. government needs to consider that China's development is not a threat. Nowadays, the prevalence of global terrorism, the prominence of the refugee problem and the intensification of environmental problems have undoubtedly increased international risks and hindered the recovery of the global economy, which are global problems that are difficult for individual countries and regions to solve on their own and must be solved through multiple countries and international organizations. China is also increasingly involved in global governance, contributing "Chinese power" in global governance, especially China proposed the Belt and Road to help the development of countries along the route, the stability of the international order can not be separated from China.
So the attitude of the United States towards China should not be confrontation friction, should be based on cooperation, common development, mutual benefit and win-win, which is also the most in line with the requirements of the current times. On the other hand, at this stage, China's U.S. trade dependence is very high, despite the emergence of some differences between the two countries, try to negotiate a solution on an equal footing, the launch of a trade war will certainly make the interests of both countries are damaged.
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