WIND ENERGY
WIND ENERGY
Kaniat Zholoushinov
Master’s student, Kazakh agro technical university named after S.Seifullin,
Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan
Marat Auyelbek
Candidate of technical sciences, Kazakh agro technical university named after S.Seifullin,
Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan
Gibrat Asainov
PhD Electrical Power Engineering, Kazakh agro technical university named after S.Seifullin,
Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan
ABSTRACT
This article describes the development of wind energy in the world, also describes the potential and future development of wind energy in Kazakhstan
Keywords: wind energy, renewable energy, unconventional energy sources.
Wind energy, as opposed to direct solar energy, is an indirect type of solar energy. The influence of the Sun causes in the atmosphere Earth temperature gradients (differences), resulting in wind. It can also be used for technical purposes. Wind reaches clearly higher energy densities than is the case in solar energy. In contrast to the maximum solar radiation intensity of about 1 kW/m2 , the wind energy density on Earth during a powerful storm reaches values up to 10 kW/m2, and in a hurricane and above — 25 kW/m2. Tornadoes and tornadoes are characterized by energy values even over 100 kW/m2. On average, the wind has a speed of 5 m/s and creates an energy density of 0.075 kW/m2.[1]
The history of the use of wind energy stretches back centuries. Already over 300 years ago, wind energy was used for irrigation. Historical sources tell us that in Afghanistan in the VII century after Christ, the wind was used to grind the harvest. These windmills, which operated on the principle of resistance, by today's standards were simple structures and had very low efficiency. In Europe, wind energy was already recognized in the XII century. Windmills have been continuously improved over the centuries. In Holland in the XVII and XVIII centuries, tens of thousands of wind turbines were used to drain the lowlands recaptured from the sea. They had a high technical level and could even be independently powered by the wind. In North America in the nineteenth century, countless Westernmills windmills were used to supply water. At the beginning of the twentieth century, wind energy had very powerful competitors — steam engines and internal combustion engines, and with the advent of electricity, wind energy has completely lost its significance. And it was only during the oil crisis in the 70s that the wind energy industry experienced a renaissance. In contrast to the past century, wind energy is currently used exclusively for electricity generation. A branch of industry — wind energy - has settled in Germany today. The new installations are high-level technical devices with power classes up to 5
MW and above (shown in Figure 1). In 2010 the German industry in the field of wind energy has already created over 100,000 jobs, and its annual turnover today exceeds 10 billion euro. [2]
Figure 1. Wind power plants in Germany
Wind power will make a big contribution to covering our future energy needs. Thanks to the German law on the supply of electricity from renewable energy sources from 1991 and the current Renewable Energy Sources Act (ITS G) of 2000 in Germany created framework conditions that made wind energy competitive with traditional energy carriers. Since 2009, there have been very good Financial conditions in Germany for the use of wind power plants in offshore zones. After Photovoltaics, wind power is the second largest producer of electricity from renewable energy sources in Germany. Thus, with the help of wind power, it was possible to cover more than a third of the electricity demand. In other countries, for example, in England, the potential is even higher. Today, wind energy in Germany has also become an example for the development of future energy policy. Some enterprises in the field of energy supply are afraid of competition and demand the abolition of framework legislative conditions. Even such arguments as the need to protect landscapes, the noise load from wind machines or the shadows cast by them are given against wind installations. Of course, some of the criticisms are justified; however, if environmental protection is put forward as the main argument against the use of wind power, then such arguments are at least questionable. Indeed, wind turbines are changing the untouched landscape of the coast (shown in Figure 2). And, on the other hand, if we continue to rely on fossil energy carriers, then maybe in a few centuries just the coastal landscape, the appearance of which is allegedly worsened by wind turbines today, due to the effect of greenhouse gases, will cease to exist at all. [3]
Figure 2. Wind power plants on the coast
In Kazakhstan, wind turbines began to be assembled and used at the beginning of the XXI century, when various thermal power plants, GRES and other enterprises producing cheap electricity became unusable, when there was a difficulty with the power supply of villages, cities, industrial and agricultural facilities. So, as it turned out, the new mechanisms it was not enough for them to be able to provide, say, metallurgical plants or at least a city with half a million consumers. In my opinion, one of the promising areas suitable for the construction of wind farms is the North Kazakhstan region, which has huge potential wind energy, which is more than 106 gigawatts. This is the second place in Kazakhstan (shown in Figure 3).
Figure 3. Wind power plants in Kazakhstan
References:
- Renewable Energy Systems, Volker Kuashning, 2013. -246 p.
- Tleuov T. "The use of unconventional and renewable energy sources for the energy supply of agricultural facilities in Kazakhstan" Almaty, publishing house "bilim", 1995. 49 p.
- Neporozhny P.S., Popkov V.I. "Energy resources of the world" Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publishing house, 1995. 35 p.