RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF THE ELECTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM ON THE FUNCTIONAL AND BALANCE MOVEMENTS OF STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KHANH HOA

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF THE ELECTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAM ON THE FUNCTIONAL AND BALANCE MOVEMENTS OF STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KHANH HOA

Huynh Thi Thuy Uyen

Master, the University of Khanh Hoa,

Vietnam, Khanh Hoa

Bui Minh Thang

Master, the University of Khanh Hoa,

Vietnam, Khanh Hoa

ABSTRACT

Motor skills and the ability to perfect movement techniques in sports are both related to the ability to perfect basic functional movements. The limitation in functional movement and the ability to balance easily cause injuries in sports activities. The process of physical activity or sports training is closely related to movement abilities, creating changes in biomechanics in particular and physical capabilities in general. Physical education programs are generally aimed at helping students develop motor skills. The research on the impact of physical education programs on students' functional and balance movements helps to identify the effectiveness of the program as well as identify potential injury risks to students. Impact of the elective physical education program on Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) of university students. The elective physical education practice program in Football at the University of Khanh Hoa. Subjects were 20 freshmen (10 males and 10 females) with an age (Mean ± Standard Deviation) of 17.4 ± 0.5 years old, mean height of 163.9 ± 8.8 cm, and mean weight of 63.4 ± 11.4 kg. The research results show that there is a change in the dynamic balance index and in the total score of the movement function index in both male and female students, the dynamic balance ability of male students is more uniform than that of female students, and the functional movement ability of male students is better than female students when the average total score of each movement is higher.

Keywords: physical education, elective subject, functional movement, dynamic balance, Functional Movement Screen – FMS, Star Excursion Balance Test – SEBT.

INTRODUCTION

The Physical Education subject program for students not majoring in Physical Education and Sports at universities across the country is built based on the content of the curriculum framework of Physical Education subjects prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training; Physical Education subject program trains according to the credit system and actual conditions of the teaching staff, facilities, and training ground of the Physical Education Department of each institution. The content of the program stipulates the level of knowledge and skills of some sports, and the level of physical development that learners must achieve in the process of studying Physical Education.

The process of physical activity or sports training is closely related to movement abilities, creating changes in biomechanics in particular and physical capabilities in general. Physical education programs are generally aimed at helping students develop motor skills and physical qualities, thereby developing other social awareness.

Motor skills and the ability to perfect movement techniques in sports are both related to the ability to perfect basic functional movements. Gray Cook (2014) defines a Functional Movement Screen (FMS) as a test system consisting of 7 basic movements requiring a balance of both processes, mobility, and stability. This test system helps to recognize an individual's ability to perform basic balance movements, recognize the individual's strengths and weaknesses in performing related physical movements, and provide better solutions and development.

The objective of the research is to help quantify the impact of the elective physical education program on the development of functional and balance movement ability on university students, through the FMS and SEBT system (Star Excursion Balance Test).

RESEARCH METHOD AND OBJECT

Research object: Impact of the elective physical education program on Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) of university students. The elective physical education practice program in Football at the University of Khanh Hoa is 25 weeks, 1 session (90 minutes)/week.

Research population: 20 freshmen (10 male and 10 female) with an age (Mean ± Standard Deviation) of 17.4 ± 0.5 years old, mean height of 163.9 ± 8.8 cm, and mean weight of 63.4 ± 11.4 kg.

The students participating in the research project are randomly selected by the teacher, ensuring information about the content and research plan, and committing to a diligent study process during the study period. The research removes and replaces the number of students who miss more than 8% of the study period (2 sessions).

The research uses the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) process of Reiman. MP(2009). Athletes stand in the middle of 8 equal sides, balance with 1 foot and 2 hands on hips, the other leg tries to reach out as far as possible and touch the scale of each side, then switch legs and do the same. The number of centimeters gained on each side of each leg will calculate the percentage with the leg length H on each leg. The highest score represents the best dynamic balance, each student has 16 SEBT score indexes.

Figure 1. Method for implementation of Star Excursion Balance Test SEBT

The research uses the test process and assessment method of Gray Cook's functional movement test (2014). The test has 7 basic types of functional movement performed on both sides (weight-bearing pose, hurdle step, further step, shoulder flexibility, lying still to raise legs, prone movement to raise legs and prone position to keep hips still and raise legs), each type of movement has 3 rating levels, corresponding to a score from 1 to 3, the lower the score is, the more limited movement ability is and the higher the injury risk is, the higher the score is, the better the movement ability is. The total score of each movement is calculated, and the final total score of each individual is the sum of all 7 movements. The higher the score is, the better the individual can perform basic functional movements.

Figure 2. 7 basic types of FMS functional movements

The research uses Excel 2016 and SPSS 23.0 software to process the data.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The research uses descriptive statistics and Pared Samples t-Test to analyze the actual status and variation of the dynamic balance ability of freshmen at Khanh Hoa University.

1. Variation of SEBT dynamic balance indexes.

Chart 1. Actual status and variation of dynamic balance indexes of male students at the University of Khanh Hoa

Chart 2. Actual status and variation of dynamic balance indexes of female students at the University of Khanh Hoa

Chart 3. Variation d of dynamic balance indexes of male and female students at the University of Khanh Hoa

The research results through the charts show that there is a variation in the dynamic balance indexes in both male and female students, and chart 3 shows that this variation is statistically significant at the threshold p < 0.05. The results also show that the dynamic balance ability of male students is more uniform than that of female students.

2. Variation of FMS functional movement indexes.

Chart 4. Actual status and variation of FMS functional movement indexes of female students at the University of Khanh Hoa

Chart 5. Actual status and variation of FMS functional movement indexes of male students at Khanh Hoa University

Note: The variation is statistically significant at the threshold p<0.05

Chart 6. Variation of total scores of FMS functional movement indexes of students at the University of Khanh Hoa

The research results through the charts show that there is a variation in the functional movement indexes in both male and female students, the variation in total scores of functional movement indexes is statistically significant at the threshold p < 0.05. The research results also show that the functional movement ability of male students is better than female students when the average total score of each movement is higher.

3. Discussion

According to Cook G (2014) in the process of physical movement, sports players must have balance, body stability, and coordination of the neuromuscular system to control the basic movement patterns of sports most effectively and avoid injury. According to Huxel Bliven KC (2013), 7 basic types of functional movement are fundamental movements used to simultaneously test strength, flexibility, joint motion amplitude, coordination of movement, balance and motor awareness. The research by Cook G (2010) shows that the total score of all types of movement is between 14 and 21 which will cause injury in sports activities. Through physical activities, the exercise program will help improve movement ability and limit injury.

The research objective is to determine the effect of an elective physical education program (25 weeks) on students' functional movement and dynamic balance abilities. Research results have assessed the imbalance of focus of the majority of female students, this index is better for male students. The results also show that the hip joint amplitude and lower body strength of both male and female students are low. However, the limitation of functional movements has a positive variation after the elective physical education course. The research results show agreement with the hypothesis of author Bagherian S (2018), the author's research results also show the improvement of balance and movement functions of university students after a period of sports training.

CONCLUSION

Research results show that the 25-week elective physical education program in football has a positive impact on the functional movement and dynamic balance abilities of students at the University of Khanh Hoa. The effectiveness of each movement function requires further researches in the future.

References:

1. Reiman, MP, and Mankse, R. Functional Testing in Human Performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 108-109, 2009
2. Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom BJ, Voight M. Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function - part 1. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014 May;9(3):396-409. PMID: 24944860; PMCID: PMC4060319.
3. Cook G, Burton L, Hoogenboom BJ, Voight M. Functional movement screening: the use of fundamental movements as an assessment of function-part 2. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Aug;9(4):549-63. PMID: 25133083; PMCID: PMC4127517.
4. Huxel Bliven KC, Anderson BE. Core stability training for injury prevention. Sports Health 2013;5:514-522.
5. Cook G. Movement: Functional movement systems: Screening, assessment, corrective strategies. Aptos CA: Lotus Publishing, 2010.